Types of electrical cables that are different have the purpose of transporting electrical energy from one point to another. Depending on their final application, cables can have different configurations, and are always based on their design on national and international regulations.
The electric cable voltage
An electric cable is measured in volt, depending on this group, it is classified in a group or another:
Low voltage cables (up to 750 volts): in a variety of applications, and with heat and heat paint. It is designed and built according to coordinated standards. Low voltage cables (up to 1000 volts): (It is also called (0.6/1 kV), cables in this section are used for industrial energy installations in various fields (public industry, public facilities, infrastructure, etc.) and they are designed according to international standards (UNE, IEC, BS, UL).
Medium voltage cables: From 1 kV to 36 kV. It is used to distribute electricity from electrical sub -stations to transformers.
High voltage cables: From 36 kV. It is used to transmit electricity from generation plants to electrical sub -plants.
Types of electric cable by using it
Low voltage cables
Cables for electric panels
Flexible cables to implement electric tanks. These electrical cables are especially suitable for home use, to install in public places, internal wires of electrical tanks, switch boxes and small electrical appliances.
Energy cables
Energy cables for industrial facilities and public places. It is common to find power cables in power transmission applications in all types of low voltage connections, for industrial use and variable frequency engine (VFD).
Armored cables
Cables with aluminum or strengthening the facilities with the risk of mechanical aggression. It is also common to find armored cables in places where rodents are located, as well as in the installations in buildings with the danger of fire and explosion (ATEX).
Rubber cables
Using the additional flexible rubber cables is very diverse. We can find rubber cables in fixed industrial facilities as well as in the mobile phone service. Welding cables should have an elastic sheath, allowing the transmission of high currents between the welding and pole generator.
Halogen -free cables
High cables of security -free halogen (LSZH) with low smoke and gas emissions causing corrosion in the event of fire are suitable for use in electric panels and public places, facilities of all types in public places, individual derivation, emergency circuits, general distribution networks, general distribution networks Also for the mobile phone service.
Fire -resistant cables
These cables are specially designed to transfer electrical energy in harsh conditions that occur during a long fire, ensuring emergency equipment supply such as signals, smoke extracts, sound warnings, water pumps, etc. General approval.
Cables control
Control cables for fixed or portable installations must be very flexible, as they are mainly designed for small home appliances, to connect the machine parts used for manufacturing, to sign and control systems, to connect engines or frequency transformers, to transfer signal where the voltage caused by an external electromagnetic field may affect the signal The sent or for energy supplies to avoid generating electromagnetic fields.
Devices
These are flexible and protected cables to transfer signals between equipment in industrial facilities. Especially suitable for transmitting optimal data in high -level environments of electromagnetic interference.
Solar cables
These cables are particularly suitable for connecting the photovoltaic panels, and from the panels to the capital to the frequency current. Thanks to the design of its materials and cover, which in particular resist solar radiation and maximum temperatures, they can be installed outdoors with complete guarantees.
Special cables
There is a wide range of electrical cables for private facilities such as: Garland Light Light in commercial exhibitions; Etisalat for upper cranes, cranes and elevators. Applications in submerged pumps and drinking water areas such as aquariums, purification systems, drinking water fountains, or in swimming pools for lighting, purification and cleaning.
Aluminum cables
Aluminum cables to transport energy are suitable for fixed installation inside, outdoor air and/or underground.
Medium voltage cables
RHZ1 cables
RHZ1 medium voltage cable type with XLPE insulation, halogen free and non -flame and/or fire spread. They are completely air -conditioned cables to transport and distribute energy in medium voltage networks.
Heprz1 cables
Medium voltage cable with HEPR insulation, halogen -free, not flame and/or heavily in transportation and energy distribution in medium voltage networks.
MV-90
Medium voltage cable with XLPE insulation, according to the American standard. To transport and distribute energy in medium voltage networks.
Rhvhmvh cables
Copper and medium aluminum cable for private applications. It is particularly recommended for facilities as there is a risk of the presence of oils and chemical factors of the type or derivatives of hydrocarbon.
Electric cable ingredients
An electric cable consists of:
Electric conductor: which leads the electricity insulation flow: it covers and contains the electrical flow in the conductor. Auxiliary elements: protect the cable and ensure longevity. External sheath: covers all the aforementioned materials that protect them from the outside.
Types of electrical conductors
Bare wire conductor: one wire in a solid condition, flexible and without coating. Aluminum electrical conductors: In some cases, aluminum conductors are also used, although this mineral is 60 % worse than copper. Copper electrical conductors: the most used materials. Flexible copper wire conductor: It is a group of microscopic wires covered by an insulating material. They are flexible and flexible. One core cable: cable with one conductor. Multi -core cable: cable contains many conductors.
Types of insulation for electric cables
The insulation consists of placing insulation coating on the conductor to prevent the current leakage. It is classified into two large groups: thermal and heat plastic.
1. Thermal insulation
It is the most common in the manufacture of electrical cables:
PVC: polyvinYl chloride z1: polyupins pe: polyethylene Pu: polyureThane
2. Thermal insulation
The most common is:
EPR: Ethilene Propelin XLPE: Eva Ethioplain: Ethyl Vinyl SI: Silicon PCP: Neoprene SBR: Natural Every
Types of metal protection for electrical cables
In some cases, cables may have metal shields.
Screen: This is the electric metal protection applied to isolating signals that pass through the inner part of the cable of potential external interference. Shields: This is mechanical protection that protects the cable from possible external attacks: animals, strikes, etc.
Electrical cable labels according to the standards
Each cable has a standard appointment. This appointment consists of a group of letters and numbers, each of which has a specific meaning. This appointment refers to a series of product properties (materials, nominal tensions, etc.) that facilitate the choice of cable that is best suited to your needs, and avoid potential errors in supplying a cable by another.
When the cable does not clearly indicate this data, it may be a defective cable, which does not correspond to the safety regulations or guarantee the cable life and the appropriate operation.
Appointment according to the type of insulation
Screen, internal lining, reinforcing seat
If there is no screen, there is no internal lining or a reinforcing seat, so no letter is used.
Set different types of shields
Appointment of external sheath
The appointment of Mosul
Tensión Name
Explanation of the number of conductors
Cable design rules
The cable design rules are also indicated in a mark on each cable:
Une 21123 IEC 60502 UNE 21150
Additional data
You can review the concepts through this video that we prepared:
Dimensive standards for electrical connectors
There are standards for copper connections:
On the AWG-MARICAN scale, connectors are defined by identifying a number of wires and diameter each wire. In European scaling (MM2), conductors are defined by determining the maximum resistance of the connector (ω/km). Solid or flexible conductors are defined by determining the minimum number of wires or the maximum diameter of the wires they form. In addition, the actual engineering departments are somewhat smaller than those referred to as nominal.
Electric cable measurements
Types of colors in the electrical cables and their meaning
The colors of the electrical cables are subject to the standards of the IEC 60446 Electric Committee. To determine the conductors, the following colors are allowed: black, red, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, gray, white, pink and turquoise.
Neutral leader: Blue. It is recommended not to use more blue conductors to avoid confusion. Stage conductor: black, gray or brown. A protective or grounding conductor: two colors, yellow and green. It is allowed to use yellow or green cables with a single color in places where there is no safety, that is, the possibility of confusion with the grounding system.
